Malawi is one of the most densely populated countries in southern Africa. Managing the use of natural resources is thus a challenging task. Threats to nature and threats to people form a web of causalities where success can be achieved only if every part of the problem is addressed. In Malawi, the greatest problems faced by people are related to debilitating illnesses, lack of education, as well as poverty. On this note certain headings shall be examined to see how well could the poverty could be eliminated in this society and the possible solution to devastating nature of illness in Africa. Mention has to be made on the various institution in Africa that has been responsible for the alienation of poverty and as well as the eradication of illness. This thesis shall among other things focus much on Malawi as the case study and this shall be related on the whole context of Africa detailing what poverty is in itself, the causes of poverty, the measurement for poverty, and the various types of illness. At the end of this write it shall be established that for an African identity in the contemporary world, poverty and illness has to be eradicated, and the various means already set in place to achieve this shall be mentioned, mention has to be made on the successes so far on the eradication of poverty and illness in Africa as a whole.