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Maurice Nyamanga Amutabi
University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign

 

     

Recuperating Traditional Pharmacology and Healing Among the Abaluyia of Western Kenya: From the Colonial Period to the Present

Writing on the pharmacology and healing of the Abaluyia of Western Kenya in 1949, anthropologist Gunter Wagner concluded, “all was based on mysticism and magic." Exposing his incomprehensibility of Abaluyia pharmacology even further, he said that it was impossible to compile a complete list of the various kinds of "protective amulets and medicines." This, Wagner said was because "faith in particular roots or herbs differs from location to location and new devices are constantly tried out, come into fashion, and are abandoned again." One cannot think of any other explanation for this misrepresentation and gross misunderstanding of a well-tested efficacious medical system of the Abaluyia other than a western lens to examine the Abaluyia medicine. Utilizing historical methodology, of oral sources (interviews and conversations with practitioners of traditional medicine and clients), observation, and written sources, I will show how traditional medicine is ingrained in the cultural history of the Abaluyia, and attempt to recuperate it. This paper will demonstrate that Abaluyia medicine is more than “mere magic and primitive concoctions” as presented by Wagner. It will demonstrate how the journey into acceptability for traditional Abaluyia medicine has been arduous and long, showing how it has overcome many obstacles along the way by being preserved. From Christian missionaries and colonial officials that condemned traditional medicine as heathen, evil and primitive, to African elites some of whom blindly followed in the condemnation, the paper will show that among the Abaluyia, traditional pharmacology provides a plausible alternative. The high point in traditional medicine in Kenya followed the enactment of the Traditional Medicine Act in 2002, which caused a revolution in the history of medicine. Consequently, traditional medicine is dispensed alongside biomedicine in government and private hospitals throughout the country. Patients now choose between traditional and biomedicine. Before 2002, only biomedicine was available in hospitals due to government discrimination against traditional medicine since colonial times. Due to persistence, there has been unanimous acceptability and admission to the efficacy of traditional medicine, particularly where biomedicine has failed. To be sure, traditional medicine has successfully managed some ailments that defied biomedicine in Kenya such as asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, rheumatism and hypertension. The paper will not only historicize but also valorise and embellish therapeutic and efficacious range of Abaluyia pharmacology that includes measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis, prolonged menstrual periods, bilharzia, back pains, gonorrhoea, syphilis, diarrhoea, lumps, mumps, impotence, child delinquency, worms, abdominal pains, love and relational problems, stammering, marital discords, infertility, witchcraft, bad dreams, spells, “bad eyes”, spirit possession, poisoning, snake bites, and mental illnesses, among others, known to defy western or biomedicine.


Africa Conference 2005: African Health and Illness
Convened by Dr. Toyin Falola for the Center for African and African American Studies
Coordinated by Matthew Heaton Webmaster, Technical Coordinator: Sam Saverance