Previous studies have increasingly affirmed that the scourge of malaria is a cause of poverty in developing countries of the tropics. In the era of European voyages of discovery, missionary incursions, and colonization, malaria became a global issue as the African continent, particularly West Africa, proved to be the "white man's graveyard" because of the huge number of Europeans who died of the ailment on the West African coast. It is in this globalized context that I am proposing to examine the historical development of the search for treatment and eradication of malaria in Africa in the context of epidemiological sciences. Malaria is no longer a tropical African concern; it is now a disturbing global health hazard. My study will focus on the disease control approach, highlighting the recent advances in the search for a cure through western-oriented scientific methods. My thesis is that the recent achievements made in the field of molecular biology cannot be isolated from the indigenous African treatment of the ailment, which also involved elements of epidemiological knowledge.