Croton penduliflorus herbal abortifacient is widely used in western Nigeria amongst young women to control their fertility and for treatment of fibroids. It has been reported that feeding the seed to mice and toad produced toxic effects and pathological lesions in the kidneys in mice and toads. Depo provera an Orthodox injectable hormonal contraceptive has also been implicated in the alteration of metabolic parameters in some users. This study was designed to compare the effects of 10 days oral administration of the ethanolic extract of Croton penduliflorus seed (CPE) and intra-muscular injection of one dose of Depo provera in non pregnant and pregnant rabbits. Forty healthy, acclimatized female rabbits (1.2-1.4 kg) Body wt were randomly assigned to 8 groups-: 5 groups were made pregnant and 3 groups non pregnant. Each of the 6 groups were administered either Depo provera or one of varied doses of CPE. Two groups served as pregnant and non-pregnant controls. All animals were fasted for 18 hours after withdrawals of treatment and sacrificed after anaesthesia. Venous blood samples from groups were analyzed for haematological, biochemical and hormonal profiles using standard protocols. Histopathological examination of internal organs was done. Results were analyzed using EPI-infor. (Var.6), students t- test and ANOVA. CPE caused foetal resorption in pregnant rabbits, and pathological lesions in the lungs liver and kidney of some rabbits. Reduction in RBC count, elevation of serum glucose and lowered FSH, LH and Oestrogen levels of treated rabbits were also observed. Extracts of Croton penduliflorus caused foetal resorption, alteration of metabolic parameters and induced pathological lesions in some internal organs.