This paper will point out that Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) are important health care providers that have recently been recognized by the state in Tanzania, and that their work though not very well documented, cannot be ignored. Utilizing the social change theoretical approach and its tenets concerning societal transformation, I deploy the Chagga TBAs as a case study. In retrospect, the paper will demonstrate that TBAs have continued to play a crucial role in the provision of health care in rural Tanzania as over 60 per cent of births are still attended by TBAs. During the pre-colonial period the only health care system available to the people was traditional, hence the centrality of this cadre of specialists and whose services remained significant during the colonial period and are still required in many parts of rural Tanzania, to this day. Resources found mainly within Tanzanian ethnic groups constitute the mainstay of the TBAs. The custodians and organisers of this system are usually traditional surgeons, medicine-women and nurses in collaboration with men. They use indigenous knowledge systems and material technology, cultural values and symbols in building their trade, which by and large has remained reciprocal, classless and efficacious, as deaths are very minimal. Every village in Tanzania has a fair share of legitimate TBAs whose strength in various specializations is recognized by society. It is estimated that apart from the general practitioners, every settlement of about two hundred people has as many as five TBAs. During the colonial period, campaigns were mounted to discredit the work of TBAs and the maternity recommended instead. The missionaries especially advised their followers not to use TBAs, whom they dismissed as "heathen and primitive" basing their trade on magic and mysticism. The paper will provide detailed systematic growth of TBAs as a cultural and highly traditional practice that is highly revered in Chagga society, showing the various rituals and traditions that go with birth. It will also provide information on the various medicinal and healing prescriptions that attend such procedures, among the Chagga.