Let's look at the verse and its context in Ezekiel. God has instructed Ezekiel to make the following announcement:
22 Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus says the Lord God: It is not for your sake, O house of Israel, that I am about to act, but for the sake of my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations to which you came. 23 I will sanctify my great name, which has been profaned among the nations, and which you have profaned among them; and the nations shall know that O am the Lord, says the Lord God, when through you I display my holiness before their eyes. 24 I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all the countries, and bring you into your own land. 25 I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and you shall be clean from all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols I will clean you.
The message is one about the ingathering of the exiles in the Land of Israel. The people of Israel have been scattered in exile as a punishment for their misbehavior. In exile they continue to sin. God is dismayed that the Chosen People thus profane His name among the nations. To bring this state of affairs to an end, he will bring the people of Israel back to the Land of Israel and there they will live in purity, following the statutes of the Law. This is a message of redemption in the traditional Jewish sense.
Paul uses the "quote" (it is not an exact quote) to make a general theological point. Jews, when they act as sinful mankind must act, and violate the Laws they were given at Mt. Sinai, profane the name of God. For Paul, it is impossible for human beings not to sin. It is thus inevitable that Jews will profane the name of God in this way. He is using the passage to illustrate his new theology of sin and redemption. Men cannot be redeemed by their own actions because they are sinful; they can be redeemed only by faith in Christ. However, as we will see, other early Christian thinkers used such passages in the Hebrew prophets - passages in which God castigates the Jews for their sins - to differentiate Jews in a negative way from the rest of mankind - to malign the Jews in general. Let me stress again: Paul is not doing this here.