The Middle Republic

I. Lingua Latina

• Salvete, Salve
• Quid agitis?, Quid agis? optime, bene, satis bene, male
• Romam a principio reges habuerunt (Tacitus)
• vae victis (Livy)
• Moribus antiquis res stat Romana virisque (Ennius)
• Carthago delenda est (Cato the Elder)

II. The Creation of a Mediterranean Empire, 264-146 BCE

(You are responsible for all dates marked in bold, as well as for relative chronology of all events)

Maps

A. The Wars with Carthage (Punic Wars)

1. 264-241 BCE
2. 218-201 BCE
3. 149-146 BCE

B. The conquest of the Greek world

1. The First Macedonian War: 215-205
   
2. The Second Macedonian War: 200-196
   
3. The War with Antiochus of Syria: 192-189
   
4. The Third Macedonian War: 171-167
   
5. War with Achaeans: 146
   

III. Why? Some possible motives for conquest

• "Defensive imperialism"
• Militarism and aristocratic competitiveness
• Economics: booty, taxes, trade, land, slaves

IV. How? Some possible reasons for Rome's success

• The Roman view: virtutes Romanae: virtus, fides, pietas
• mixed government
• military organization
• adaptation
• alliances
• good luck

V. Some results of empire

• Forces for change

1. War
2. Wealth
3. Greece

• Results

1. Changes in government: provinciae, publicani
   
2. New relationships with allies
3. Vast increase in number of slaves
4. Growth of latifundia, pressures on small farmers
5. Growth of cities, especially Rome
6. Pressures on mos maiorum