Rome, 69-138 CE

I. Lingua Latina

• Words attributed to some Julio-Claudian emperors

1. O homines ad servitutem paratos! (allegedly said by Tiberius about Roman senators)
   
2. Utinam populus Romanus unam cervicem haberet! (supposedly said by Caligula)
   

• Phrases connected with Nero

1. occidat, dum imperet (from Tacitus)
2. ventrem feri (from Tacitus)
3. qualis artifex pereo (from Suetonius)

• Petronius (probably ca. 26 CE- 66 CE):

1. arbiter elegantiae (Tacitus' description of Petronius)
2. cave canem (on fresco outside Trimalchio's door)

• Evulgato imperii arcano (Tacitus on 69 CE)
• Puto deus fio (allegedly Vespasian's last words)
• Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano (Senate's wishes for new emperors)

Remaining from Tuesday: Petronius

II. Rome, 69 CE -138 CE

A. Important time for archaeological remains

• Vesuvius erupts, 79
• Ostia becomes major port under Claudius, expanded under Trajan
• Lots of people building lots of stuff

B. 69: "The year of four emperors"

• Galba
• Otho
• Vitellius
• Vespasian

C. Flavians: 69 - 96

• Vespasian: 69-79
• Titus: 79-81
• Domitian: 81-96

D. The First Three of the "Five Good Emperors": 96 - 180

• Nerva: 96-98
• Trajan: 98-117
• Hadrian: 117-138

E. Government in the High Empire

• Developments under the Flavians

1. Organization of imperial finances
2. Provincialization of client kingdoms
3. Incorporation of empire's elite into government

• Three types of authority

1. Magistrates
2. Army
3. Household