Index of
Encyclopedia of African American Business History

edited by
Juliet E.K. Walker
© 1999 Greenwood Press
Reproduced 2002 with permission of the publisher

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M

Macao, 312
Macmillan, Terry, 89
Macy's, 19
Madam C. J. Walker. See Walker, Sarah
Breedlove
Madam C. J. Walker Hair Culturists Union of
America, 451, 583
Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company,
283, 347, 583
Madam Walker Spirit Awards, 585
Madam Walker Theatre Center, 585
Madhabuti, Haki, 84
Madison, Arkansas, 264
Maggie Lena Walker National Historic Site,
581
Maggie Lena Walker Foundation, 581
The Magic Hour, 539
Magic Johnson Enterprises, 535
Magic Johnson Foundation, 539
Magic Johnson/Sony Theaters, 110, 319, 538.
See also Johnson, Earvin
Mahalia Jackson Show, 557
Mahogany Travel Co., 332
Mail Order Enterprises. See Black Mail Order
Enterprises
Major League Baseball, 530
Make the Connection, 597
Malcolm X, 88
Malcolm X, 640
Malone, Aaron, 573
Malone, Annie, 284. See also Turnbo-Malone,
Annie Minerva Pope
Malone, Deadric, 467
Malta, 306, 308
Malveaux, Julianne, 406
Malvin, John, 562
Mamiya, Lawrence H., 144
Management Technology, 609
Mancelona Manufacturing, 402
Mandela, Nelson, 314
Manhattan Borough President, 547
Manley, Abe, 415
Manley, Effa, 415, 416
Manpower Training, 149
Manufacturers' Record, 126
Marciano, Rocky, 532
Marcus Books, 88
Marguerita Ward Cosmetics Company, 607
Markets, Black Consumer, 4-5, 101, 105, 150,
306, 332, 466, 604, 609
Markets, Protected, and Black Entrepreneur-
ship, 365-68
Market Structure Barriers, Black-Owned Busi-
ness, 368-71
Marriott Corporation, 404, 643
Mars Contract Company, 404
Mars, Inc., 5, 361
Marshall & Associates, 7
Marshall Fields, 19
Marshall, Thurgood, 187
Martha's Vineyard Racquet and Fitness Club,
560
Martin, Elsa Ramsey, 551
Martin Luther King Community Center, 479
Martini, Herbert A., 330
Marxist-Influenced, 168
Mary, Aristide, 29, 449, 451
Mary Bethune, 568
Maryland Haytian Company, 302
Mason, Biddy, 450
Mason Tillman, 185
Masons, 186, 187, 217, 296, 558. See Frater-
nal Organizations
Massiah, Frederick, 172
Masters Championship, 534
Matthews, Butch, 522
Matthews, Eugene, 310
Matthews, George, 558
Matthew House of Champaign, 411
Matthew, Issac, 564
Matthews, Jennie, 522
Matthews Livery Stable, 564
Mattis, James, 472
Matzeliger, Jan Earnst, 371-72
Mayfield, Curtis, 468
Mayors, Black, and Black Business, 372-77.
See also Washington, Harold
Maytag, 165
Maxell House Coffee, 164, 610
Maxima Corporation, 318, 639, 647
MBAs on the Fast Track, 585
MBDA, 66
MBDP, 64, 65
MBELDEF, 185
MCA Music Entertainment Group, 468, 643
MCA Records, 277, 467, 469
MCI, 541
McArthur (Douglas) General, 307
McCabe, E. P., 624
McCall Pattern Co., 362
McCarty (Macarty), Madame Cecee (Eulalie),
28, 248, 250, 462, 599-600
McCarty, Drauzin Barthelemely (also Drosin),
29
McCartys, 302
McClennan, Alonzo (Dr.), 450
McClarty, Homer W., 402
McCoy, Elijah, 622
McDaniels, E. E., 565
McDaniels, Gene, 469
McDonald, Hattie, 262
McDonalds, 7, 99, 243, 310, 533, 643
McDonogh, John, 194
McGhee, Norman L., 322, 634
McGhee & Co. Investment Securities, 322,
634
McGill Brothers, 302
McGill, George, 301
McKinley, William (President), 100
McKissick Brothers Construction Company,
173
McLaughlin, Clara, 558
McLaurin, Dunbar, 307
McPherson, Christopher, 300, 562, 563, 616
McSween, Cirilo A., 634
McWorter, Free Frank, 219, 377-79, 429
McWorter, John, 567
Meachum, John, 516, 562
Mechanics and Farmers Bank, 291, 296, 436,
529
Mechanics Savings Bank, 297
Medill, Joseph, 344
Medina, Bobby, 469
Meharry Medical Collete, 73, 265
Meier, August, 401
Melbourne, Julius, 302
Mel Farr Automotive Group, 646
Memphis Drama, 212
Memphis State Bank, 61
Memphis, Tennessee, 86, 142-43
Menace II Society (1993), 236
Mercantile Agency Reference Book, 518
Mercedes Benz, 643
Mercury Records, 467, 469
Merrick, John, 40, 82, 246, 436, 529
Merrill Lynch, 165, 323
Messenger, The, 444
Messenger of Peace Citation (UN), 539
Metal Mining Enterprises 1992, 225
Metoyers, 461, 492, 493
Metoyer, Augustin., 492, 493
Metoyer, Coincoin (Marie Therez), 493, 494,
600
Metoyer, Dominique, 619
Metropolis, IL, 571
Metropolitan Applied Research Center, 586
Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Economic
Development, 375
Metropolitan Life, 297
Metropolitan Mutual Assurance Company,
138, 141
Metropolitan Funeral Home, 263
Metropolitan Funeral Systems Association
(MFSA), 140
Metropolitan Realty and Investment Company,
627
Meullion, Jean Baptiste, 451
Meullion, Suzanne, 321, 620
Mexico, 302, 306
Mexico City, 306, 349
Mfume, Kweisi, 398
MGM, 235. See Film Production
MGT of America, 185
Michael Jordan Foundation, 452
Michaux, Lewis H., 87
Michaux, Lightfoot Solomon [Elder], 379-81
Micheaux, Oscar, 234, 381-84
Micheaux Film and Book Company, 382
Micheaux Pictures, 234. See also Micheaux,
Oscar
Micheaux, Swan, 383
Michigan Institute Technology, 32
Microlending Associations, 476
Microsoft, 318, 337, 541
Middle Class. See Black Middle Class
Middle East, 306, 308
Middle Easterners, 36
Middle Passage. See Atlantic Slave Trade Prof-
its
Middlebury College, 96
"Middleman Minorities," 36, 294
Midway Television Institute, 550
Military Contracts. 390. See Leidesdorff
Military Savings Banks, 59, 621
Milken, Michael, 362
Millman, Joel, 475, 478
Mills, Gary, 493
Milton, Lorimer D., 549-550
Milton, NC, 178
Milwaukee County Pavers Assn v. Fiedler, 186
Mingo, Frank, 5
Mingo Group, 4, 5
Mingo-Jones Advertising, 6
Mings Chinese Restaurant, 550
Minnie Lee Pie Company, 605
Minor, Raymond, 469
Minor's Moralist Society, 25
Minority Bank Deposit Program (MBDP), 64,
65
Minority Business Development Agency
(MBDA), 66
Minority Business Enterprise Legal Defense
and Education Fund, 185
Minority Business Set-Asides, 480-482
Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment
Company (MESBIC), 636
Minority-Owned Businesses, 1992 Survey, 384-
88
Minority-Owned Business Formation Rates,
370
Minority-Owned Businesses Venture Capital,
387
Minton, Henry, 130, 131
Mission Impossible, 557
Mississippi Life Insurance, 41, 297, 356, 357,
603
Mississippi River Packet Company, 454
Missouri, 41, 46
Mitchell, Arthur W. (Congressman), 183
Mitchell, Parren (Congressman), 481
Mitsubishi, 310, 327
MJJ Productions, 469
Mobile, AL, 229
Mobley, Sybil, 116, 408
Modell, John, 201
Moesha, 557
Mogul, Artie, 18
Mohammad, Warith Deen, 425
Mollenkopf, John, 374
M-l Tank Transmission Containers, 533
Mon Luis Island, 230
Monarch Productions, 234
Monrovia, 301, 474
Montel Williams Show, 557
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 93
Montgomery, Benjamin T., 78, 388
Montgomery, Isaiah T. See Black Town Enter-
prises
Montgomery, Mary, 78
Moon Illustrated Weekly, 443
Moore, Aaron McDuffie (Dr.), 436, 529
Moorish Science Temple, 431
Moral Covenants, 148
More, Willis P., 522
Morehouse College, 73, 95, 115, 119, 187,
288, 313, 418
Morgan, Delphine W., 567
Morgan, Garrett Augustus, 388-91
Morgan, Henry M., 284, 287, 391-92
Morgan National Safey Hood, 390
Morgan Stanley, 165, 362
Morgan State University, 32, 73, 115, 278
Morial, Ernest N. (Mayor), 374
Morial, Marc H. (Mayor), 374
Morin, William J., 190
Morlan International, 257
Morril Fund, 71
Morris Brown College, 42, 73
Morris, John P. Sr., 568
Morrison, Toni, 596
Morrow, Willie L., 286, 392-93
Morrow's Curly Hair Products," 392
Morrow's Unlimited, 392
Morter, Isaiah, 269
Mosaic Templars, 99-100
Mosely-Braun, Carol (U.S. Senator), 268
Moskowitz, Milton, 120
Moss H. Kendrix Public Relations Company,
404. See National Association of Market
Developers
Moton, Robert Russa, 203
Motown, 139, 467. See Gordy, Berry
Motown Productions, 182, 277, 557
Motion Picture Industry. See Film Production
Moulin Rouge Hotel, 531-32
Moultrie, Francis J., 132
Mound Bayou. See Black Town Enterprises
Mound Bayou Loan and Investment Company,
80
Mound Bayou Oil and Manufacturing Com-
pany, 79
Mound Bayou Cotton Mill, 417
Mouyiaris, Carol Jackson, 607
Movie Theaters, 644
Moy, Sylvia, 469
Mrs. Fields (cookies), 19
Mt. Zion Baptist Church (Indianapolis), 145
Muhammad Al, 351, 532
Muhammad, Elijah, 77, 351, 432
Muhammad, Herbert, 351
Muhammad Speaks, 424
Muhammad, Wallace, 425
Muhammad's Temple No. 2 Publications De-
partment, 86
Mulattos, 23, 25, 28, 280, 460, 461, 520, 521,
524, 620
Multicultural Markets and Media, Summit on,
647
Multiethnic Radio, 465
Multiplex Theater, 538
Mulzac, Hugh, 632
Municipal Bankruptcies, 374
Municipal Bond Industry, 322
Municipal Contracts, 375
Murphy, Eddie, 236
Murphy, John H., Jr., 1
Murray, Arthur, 345
Murray, Charles D., Sr., 306
Murray, Lili, 306
Murray Cosmetic Company, 306
Murray's Hair Pomade, 306
Museum of Fine Arts Nubian Gallery (Bos-
ton), 587
Museums, 393-94
Musician's Protective Union, 136
Muskogee, (Oklama), 80, 260
Muslim Fish House, 423
"Mutual," 435. See also North Carolina Mu-
tual Life Insurance Company
Mutual Aid/Insurance Enterprises, South, 395-
96
Mutual Aid and Banking Company, 512
Mutual Aid Societies, 474
Mutual Assessment Organizations, 39
Mutual Federal Savings and Loan Association,
186, 552
Mutual Savings and Loan Association, 436,
529
Myers, Issac, 135
Myrdal, Gunnar, 2, 171, 255, 261
Myriad International, 542
Mystery, 180

N

NAACP Antilynching Fund, 585
NAACP Commerce and Trade Council (CTC),
398
NAACP Economic Development Initiatives,
397-99
NAACP Legal Defense And Educational Fund,
187, 411
NAACP Operation Fair Share, 639
NAACP Reciprocity Initiative, 398
NABAS. See National Association of Black
Automotive Suppliers
Nail & Parker, 399
Nail, Edward, 133
Nail, John B., 133, 399-400, 622
Namibia, 317
Nanette Candy Company, 605
Nantucket, 455
Nanula, Richard, 165
Naomi Sims Beauty Products, Limited, 483
Naomi Sims Collection, 282, 483
Napier, James, 417, 566
Napier, William, 517
NASA, 453, 481
NASDAQ. See Stock Market Listings
Nashville Globe, 94
Nashville, TN, 84, 86, 94, 173, 566
Nat King Cole, 551, 557
Nat Turner, 500
Natchez, Mississippi, 249, 337
Natchez Race Course, 337
Natchez Railroad, 321
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion, 453, 481
National Afro-American League, 400-402
National Alliance of Postal Employees, 186
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP), 30, 85, 93, 147,
151, 187, 233, 270, 349, 390, 397, 399,
431, 444, 570, 589
National Association of [Negro] Bankers, 512
National Association of Black Automotive
Suppliers (NABAS), 402-3
National Association of Black Accountants,
636
National Association of Black Owned Broad-
casters (NABOB), 645
National Association of Black Women Entre-
preneurs, 611
National Association of Colored Women, 143
National Association of Funeral Directors, 265
National Association of Market Developers
(NAMD), 403-5
National Association of Minority Automobile
Dealers (NAMAD), 47-48
National Association of Minority Contractors,
113
National Association of Negro Business and
Professional Women's Clubs, Incorporated,
405-6, 611
National Association of Resident Management
Corporations, 413
National Association of Securities Dealers Au-
tomatic Quotations. See Stock Market List-
ings
National Association of Tonsorial Artists, 391
National Association of Urban Bankers, 638
National Bankers Association (NBA), 61, 113,
612
National Baptist Church Supply Company, 94
National Baptist Convention, 94, 143, 265,
433, 529
National Baptist Convention of America, 86,
146
National Baptist Publishing Board, 86. See
Boyd, Richard Henry
National Baptist Publishing House, 94
National Bar Association, 525
National Basketball Association, 535
National Beauty Culturalist League, 285, 346,
633
National Benefit Life, 40, 41, 246
National Black Business Council, 514
National Black Chamber of Commerce, 406-7,
514
National Black College Alumni Hall of Fame,
194
National Black MBA Association, 121, 191,
319-20, 407-10
National Black Media Coalition, 320
National Black Network, 638
National Black United Fund [NBUF], 410-11
National Black United Fund, Inc. v. Alan K.
Campbell and United Way of America, 410-
11
National Builders Association, 630
National Bureau of Economic Research
(NBER), 586
National Business League. See National Negro
Business League
National Cable Television Association
(NCTA), 336
National Center for Educational Statistics, 120
National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise
(NCNE), 411-14, 514
National Clothing Factory, 424
National Conference on Constitutional Rights
and American Freedom, 392
National Council of African American
Churches, 265
National Council of Negro Women, 348, 539
National Credit Union Administration, 66
National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund,
65
National Design Model and Dressmakers' As-
sociation, 629
National Economic Association Westerfield
Award, 587
National Economic Research Associates, 185
National Educational Association, 453
National Fez Factory, 424
National Freedmen Savings and Trust Com-
pany. See Freedman's Bank
National Funeral Directors and Morticians As-
sociation (NFDMA), 262, 264, 266
National Group Television, 558
National Headquarters of the Nation of Islam,
426
National Hockey League, 536
National Institute of Science, 453
National Leader Publishing Company, 433
National Memorial Bookstore, 87, 88
National Merchant Bank of Zimbabwe, 311
National Minority Business Council, 113
National Minority Supplier Development
Council, 113, 430
National Negro Airmen's Association, 151
National Negro Bankers Association, 417, 525,
613, 630
National Negro Bar Association, 417
National Negro Baseball League, 414-16
National Negro Business League (NNBL), 5,
40, 69, 76, 80, 94, 99, 222, 399, 401, 447,
416-19, 512, 589
National Negro Congress, 632
National Negro Convention Movement, 90,
181, 419-20, 618
National Negro Doll Company, 94
National Negro Finance Corporation (NNFC),
203, 529, 630
National Negro Funeral Directors and Morti-
cians Association (NFDMA), 265, 525
National Negro Insurance Association (NNIA),
298, 356, 512, 525
National Negro Labor Union, 135, 188
National Negro Press Association, 512
National Negro Retail Merchants Association,
525, 526
National Negro Undertakers Association, 417
National Organization of Minority Architects
(NOMA), 34
National Rainbow Coalition, 327. See PUSH
National Recovery Act, 183
National Recovery Administration, 530
National Register of Historic Places, See
McWorter, Free Frank; Walker, Sarah Breed-
love
National Safety Device Company, 390
National Small Business United, 113
National Society of Black Engineers, 319
National Steamboat Company, 625
National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, 465
National Trucking System, 424
National Urban League, 85, 96, 113, 206, 430,
431, 472, 530
National Urban League Black Executive
Exchange Program, 420-21
National Youth Administration (NYA), 287,
473, 594
Nation of Islam Enterprises, Elijah Muhammad
and Louis Farrakhan, 77, 210, 310, 381, 421-
28, 432, 532
Native Americans, 175, 204, 223. See also
Minority-Owned Businesses, 1992 Survey
Navcom Systems Group, 568
NBA. See National Bankers Association
NBC, 558-59
NBUF. See National Black United Fund, Inc.
NCNE. See National Center for Neighborhood
Enterprise
NDI Video, Inc., 643
Neal, Mansfield, 433
Needham Harper & Steers, 99
"Negro Appeal," 464
Negro as Capitalist, The, 137, 290-91. See
also Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr.
"Negro Bar," 221, 359. See also Extractive
Industries, Enterprises
Negro Brokerage House, 322
Negro Business and Business Education, 453,
554, 555-56
The Negro College Graduate, 201
Negro Digest, 331-32
Negro Division of U.S. Department of Com-
merce, 269
Negro Factories Corporation, 268. See also
Garvey, Marcus
"Negro Grounds," 501
Negro in Business, 274, 430. See also Du
Bois, William E. B.
Negro Labor Relations League, 139
"Negro Market" Specialists, 403
Negro Motion Picture Players Association, 459
"Negro Potato King," 565
Negro Press. See Black Press
"Negro Removal," 570. See also Urban Re-
newal
Negro Wall Street, 204. See also Black Wall
Street; Durham, NC; Enclaves, Entrepreneu-
rial; "Sweet Auburn" Avenue; Tulsa,
Oklahoma
Negro World, 268, 269
Neighborhood Enterprise Associations, 207
Neighborhood Institute, 57
Neighborhood Leadership Development Insti-
tute (NLDI), 412
Neiman-Marcus, 19
Neisner, 474
Nelson, Orville, 330
Neoconservatives and Black Business, 422,
478
Netherlands, 311
Netnoir, 319, 644
Networks, Black Business, 285-86, 428-31,
526. See Rotating Credit Associations; So-
cial Capital
New Africa Advisers, 311
Newark Eagles, 415; Newspapers, black, 1-3
New Black Middle Class, 218, 430
New Day, 227
New Deal, 183, 380, 459
New Jersey, 19
New Jersey Jets, 536
New Negro Alliance boycott, 93
New Orleans, 88
New Orleans City Railroad Company, 565
New Orleans Freedmen's Aid Association, 622
New Orleans Gas Light Company, 321
New Orleans Louisanian, 454
New Orleans, Opelousas and Great Western
Railroad, 321
New Philadelphia, IL, 78. See also McWorter,
Free Frank
Newport News, Virginia, Black Business in,
304
New South, 216
New South Africa, 311
Newspapers, black, 1-3, 427. See also Black
Press
New World National Bank, 639
New York African Society for Mutual Relief,
321
New York Age, 231, 400, 401
New York Amsterdam News, 2
New York, Black Business, xxii-xxiii, 48,
553, 628. See also Harlem
New York Black Real Estate Enterprises. See
Payton, Philip; Nail, John B.
New York Central Railroad, 239
New York Colored Business Men's Associa-
tion, 628
New York City, 7, 48
New York Cubans, 415
New York Curb Exchange, 322
New York Life Insurance, 634
New York Slave Conspiracy (1741), 499
New York State Urban Development Corpora-
tion, 477
New York Stock Exchange, 321, 322, 337,
535, 637. See also Stock Market Listings
New York Times, 473
New York University, 473
New York West Indian Businesses. See Rotat-
ing Credit Associations, Caribbean Ameri-
can Chamber of Conference
NFDMA. See National Funeral Directors and
Morticians Association
Nibby, Inc., 469
Niagara Movement, 40, 400
Nicaragua, 302
Nickel Savings Bank, 296
Nicodemus, KN, 78
Niger Delta, 247
Niger River Palm Oil Trade, 328
Nigeria, 166, 303, 304, 307, 308, 313
Nigerian-American Tapes and Recordings As-
sociates (NATRAL), 309
Nine West, 164, 610
"Nigger Company," 619
"Nigger Work," 490
Nike, Inc., 312, 534, 539, 642
99th Pursuit Squadron, 151, 173
Nissin Foods, 311
Nixon, E. D., 93
Nixon, Richard (President), 65, 77, 139, 210
Nkrumah, Kwame, 88
NNBL "War-Time Clinic," 269
Noble Drew Ali (Timothy Drew) 431-32
Noer, David M., 190
Nonmetallic Minerals Firms 1992, 225
Nonminority (White) Employers, 200
Nonminority Markets, 102
Non-Segregating Seating, 567
Norfolk State University, 115
Norman Film Manufacturing Company, 234
Norris International Boxing Club, 532
Norris, James Austin, 432-35
Norris, Schmidt, Green, Harris, Higginbotham,
and Associates, 432
North Beach & Mission Railroad Law Suit,
456
North Carolina A&T University, 115, 193,
287, 326
North Carolina Central University, 115
North Carolina College, 528, 529. See also
North Carolina Central University
North Carolina Mutual Life and Provident As-
sociation, 435
North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Com-
pany, 17, 41, 82, 296, 297, 395, 435-37,
512
North Jacksonville Street Railway Company,
566
Northeastern Life Insurance Company, 546
"Northern Campaign." See Abbott, Robert
Northwest Airlines, 541
Northwest Frontier, Old, 378
Northwestern University, 46, 151, 167, 267,
355, 591
Nossiter, Adam, 475
"Note Shaver," 510
Nova Scotia, 573
Nsa, Eyo Honesty II, 437-38
Nuclear Engineering Firm, 609
Nujoma, Sam (President Namibia), 317
Numbers Game. See Illegal Black Businesses,
Organized Criminal Activities; Policy/Num-
bers Game
Numbers Kings, 415
Numery, Lee, 408
NYA. See National Youth Administration
NYA Resident Training Program, 473

O

Oahu, 303, 633
Obrok (Russian), 487-88
Occidental Petroleum, 165
Ocola Textile Mill, 627
O'Connor, Sandra Day (Justice), 481
Odanes, A., 383
Odd Fellows, 245, 296, 525. See Fraternal Or-
ganizations
Odd Fellows Building, 550
Odum, Howard W., 245
OFCCP. See Office of Federal Contract Com-
pliance Program
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Pro-
gram (OFCCP), 148, 149
Office of Resident Initiatives, 413
O'Hare, William P., 35
OIC. See Opportunities Industrialization Cen-
ters of American, Inc.
Oil-Coal Distribution Industries, 122
Oil and Gas Extraction Firms 1992, 225, 556
Oil Pipelines, 569
Oklahoma, 203-4, 223
Oklahoma City Bombing, 214
Oklahoma Oil Boom, 204, 223
Okpaku, Joseph, 84
Oliver Cromwell Cox Award for Distinguished
Anti-Racist Scholarship, 169
Oliver, Melvin, 106
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 494
Olympics, 552, 558
Omaha, Nebraska, 382
Omni Group, 536
O'Neal, Shaquille, 533
One Cent Savings and Bank Trust, 94
Ontario (Canada), 302, 476
O.P.E.N. Cleaning Systems, 243
Open Heart Surgery, 284
Open Vision Technologies, 165, 318, 643
Operation Breadbasket, 139, 148, 326
Operation Fair Shares, 397-98
Operation PUSH. See PUSH
Opportunities Industrialization Corporation,
217
Opportunities Industrialization Centers (OIC)
of American, Inc., 544-45
Opportunities Industrialization Centers Interna-
tional (OICI), 545
Oprah Book Club, 596
Oprah Winfrey Show, The, 557, 596
Oracle Company, 165
Order of the Eastern Star, 558
Order of Emancipation, 180
Order of Twelve Knights, 246
Order of the Men of Oppression, 180
Organization Industrial Center, 435
Organization Resource Counselors, 192
Organized Labor, 171
Oriental, 526. See Asian-Americans
Oriental Picture Exchange, 307
Orion Publishing Company, 84
othe Ombudsmeno, 405
Otis, Clyde, 469
Otis, James, 44
Ottley, Roi, 2
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Market, 540
Overton, Anthony, 55, 69, 183, 253, 305, 439-
41
Overton Hygienic Manufacturing Company,
137, 305, 439
Owl Cab Company, 555
Oxford Colored Orphanage, 529
Oyster Cellar, 301
Oystser Company, 249
Oyster House Restaurant, 188
Oystering, Chesapeake Bay, 441-42