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tex's french grammar
la grammaire de l'absurde
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1. nouns
2. determiners
3. adverbs
4. adjectives
5. verbs
6. negation
7. prepositions
8. pronouns
9. conjunctions
10. tense/aspect/mood/voice
11. interrogative constructions
12. appendix : verb practice
13. appendix : testez-vous!
14. appendix : verb conjugation reference
15. etc.
16. pdf downloads
17. mp3 downloads
18. iTunes podcasts


NOUNS
introduction
number: singular and plural
gender: masculine and feminine
voilà vs. il y a: devices for introducing nouns
temps, heure, fois: different nouns for 'time'


DETERMINERS
introduction
definite articles
def. articles with physical characteristics, ex. elle a les cheveux longs
indefinite articles
partitive articles
possessive determiners: mon, ma, mes, etc.
demonstrative determiners: ce, cet, cette, ces
expressions of quantity: beaucoup de, un peu de, etc.
tout
indefinite determiners


ADVERBS
introduction
formation and placement
placement of adverbs with the passé composé
comparative and superlative of adverbs
il y a 'ago'
bon/meilleur vs. bien/mieux
tôt, tard, en avance, en retard, à l'heure


ADJECTIVES
introduction
formation and placement
adjectives before the noun
irregular adjectives
adjectives whose meaning varies with placement
comparison of adjectives
superlative of adjectives
bon/meilleur (adjectives) vs. bien/mieux (adverbs)
participles as adjectives


VERBS
introduction
regular verbs
-er verbs
-er verbs (regular)
-er verbs (stem changing)
-ir verbs
-ir verbs (regular)
-ir verbs (irreg) like ouvrir 'to open'
-ir verbs (irreg) like partir 'to leave,' sortir 'to go out,' dormir 'to sleep'
-re verbs
-re verbs (regular)
-re verbs (irregular) like prendre 'to take'
-re verbs (irregular) like mettre 'to put, to place'
-re verbs (irregular) like suivre 'to follow', vivre 'to live'
common irregular verbs
être 'to be'
avoir 'to have'
avoir expressions, ex. il y a, avoir besoin de, etc.
aller 'to go'
faire 'to do,' 'to make'
faire expressions
venir 'to come'
boire, croire, voir: 'to drink', 'to believe', 'to see'
savoir vs. connaître: two ways of knowing
dire, lire, écrire: 'to say', 'to read', 'to write'
pronominal verbs: se raser, se lever, se disputer
modal verbs: vouloir 'to want to,' pouvoir 'to be able to,' devoir 'to have to'
impersonal verbs and expressions: il faut, il est important de ...
quitter, partir, sortir, laisser: different verbs for 'to leave'
infinitive constructions, including past and negative
causative faire (faire+infinitif)
transitive vs. intransitive constructions
present participle


NEGATION
introduction
basic negation: ne ... pas (don't, not)
alternate forms (1):
ne ... jamais (never)
ne ... rien (nothing)
ne ... personne (nobody, no one)
ne ... pas du tout (not at all)
ne ... plus (no more, any longer)
alternate forms (2):
ne ... aucun(e) (not one)
ne ... ni ... ni (neither ... nor)
ne ... que (only)
one word negative responses: si, jamais, personne, rien


PREPOSITIONS
introduction
common prepositions
contractions of à and de with definite article
depuis vs il y a ... que
depuis with imperfect
depuis, pendant, pour
prepositions with place names
prepositions with infinitives


PRONOUNS
introduction
subject pronouns: je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles
c'est vs. il/elle est
disjunctive pronouns: moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, elles, eux
direct object pronouns: me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les
indirect object pronouns: me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur
pronoun: y
pronoun: en
relative pronouns: qui and que
relative pronouns: ce qui and ce que
relative pronouns: dont, ce dont, où, lequel
order of object pronouns
indefinite pronouns: chacun and quelqu'un
demonstrative pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles
possessive pronouns: le mien, la mienne, etc.


CONJUNCTIONS
introduction
coordinating conjunctions: et, mais, ou, puis, car, etc.
subordinating conjunctions: pendant que, quand, depuis que, etc.
conjunctions that take the subjunctive


TENSE/ASPECT/MOOD/VOICE
introduction
present tense
past tenses
passé immédiat (venir de+infinitive)
passé composé with avoir
passé composé with être
passé composé of pronominal verbs
imparfait: formation
imparfait: states of being, habitual actions
imparfait: idiomatic uses (suggestions, wishes, depuis, venir de)
narration: passé composé vs. imparfait
plus-que-parfait
passé simple (literary tense)
passé antérieur (literary tense)
future tenses
futur proche (aller+infinitive)
simple future (regular)
simple future (irregular)
future: usage
futur antérieur
imperative mood (regular and pronominal)
subjunctive mood
regular subjunctive formation
irregular subjunctive formation
usage: obligation
usage: doubt
usage: will, emotion, desire
conjunctions that take the subjunctive
past subjunctive
summary
ways to avoid the subjunctive
conditional mood
conditional
past conditional
si clauses – summary
reported speech in present
reported speech in past
active voice vs. passive voice


INTERROGATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
introduction
yes/no questions: est-ce que, n'est-ce pas
questions with subject/verb inversion
interrogative adjective quel (with exclamative usage)
interrogative pronouns: qui, qui est-ce que, qu'est-ce qui, qu'est-ce que
interrogative pronoun lequel
interrogative words


ETC
site overview
cast of characters
credits
search this site
website help


pdf icon  PDF downloads
all pages .zip archive of Tex's French Grammar in pdf format: 10.3 MB
adj1 introduction to adjectives
adj2 adjectives: formation and placement
adj3 adjectives that precede the noun
adj4 irregular adjectives
adj5 adjectives whose meaning varies with placement
adj6 comparisons with adjectives
adj7 superlative of adjectives
adj8 bon/meilleur vs. bien/mieux
adj9 participles as adjectives
adv1 introduction to adverbs
adv2 adverbs: formation and placement
adv3 placement of adverbs with passé composé
adv4 comparative and superlative of adverbs
adv5 -il y a, ago
adv6 tôt, tard, en avance, en retard, à l'heure
characters cast of characters
con1 introduction to conjunctions
con2 coordinating conjunctions
con3 subordinating conjunctions
credits credits and acknowledgments
det1 introduction to determiners
det10 indefinite determiners
det2 determiners: definite articles
det3 definite articles with physical characteristics
det4 determiners: indefinite articles
det5 determiners: partitive articles
det6 possessive determiners
det7 demonstrative determiners
det8 determiners: expressions of quantity
det9 tout
help help using this website
index tex's index: la grammaire de l'absurde
int1 introduction to interrogatives
int2 yes/no questions: est-ce que, n'est-ce pas
int3 questions with subject/verb inversion
int4 interrogative and exclamative quel
int5 interrogative pronouns
int6 interrogative pronoun lequel
int7 interrogative words: où, quand, comment ...
neg1 introduction to negation
neg2 basic negation: ne ... pas
neg3 alternate forms (1) ne ... jamais, rien, personne, etc.
neg4 alternate forms (2) ne ... aucun, ni ... ni, que
neg5 one-word negative sentences si, jamais, etc.
no1 introduction to nouns
no2 number: singular, plural
no3 gender: masculine, feminine
no4 voilà vs. il y a
no5 temps, heure, fois
overview about this site: overview
pre1 introduction to prepositions
pre1a common prepositions
pre2 contractions of à and de with definite article
pre3 prepositions with places
pre4 prepositions with infinitives
pred1 depuis vs. il y a ... que, ça fait ... que, and voilà ... que
pred2 depuis with imperfect
prep1 depuis, pendant, pour: 'for'
pro1 introduction to pronouns
pro10 indefinite pronouns
pro11 demonstrative pronouns
pro12 possessive pronouns
pro2 subject pronouns
pro3 c'est vs il/elle est
pro4 disjunctive pronouns
pro5 direct object pronouns
pro6 pronoun y
pro7 pronoun en
pro8 indirect object pronouns
pro9 order of object pronouns present tense
pror1 relative pronouns: qui and que
pror2 relative pronouns: ce qui, ce que
pror3 relative pronouns: dont, où, etc. present tense
ta1 intro to tense, aspect, mood, voice
tac1 conditional
tac2 past conditional
tac3 si clauses
tad1 reported speech in the present
tad2 reported speech in the past
taf1 futur proche
taf2 simple future: regular
taf3 simple future: irregular
taf4 future: usage
taf5 futur antérieur
tai1 imperative mood
tap1 recent past (venir de + infinitive)
tap10 passé simple
tap11 passé antérieur
tap2 passé composé with avoir
tap3 passé composé with etre
tap4 passé composé of pronominal verbs
tap5 imparfait: formation
tap6 imparfait: states of being, habitual actions
tap7 imparfait: idiomatic uses
tap8 narration: passé composé vs. imparfait
tap9 plus-que-parfait
tapr1 present tense
tas1 regular subjunctive
tas2 irregular subjunctive
tas3a subjunctive usage: obligation
tas3b subjunctive usage: doubt
tas4 subjunctive usage: will, emotion, desire
tas5 conjunctions that take the subjunctive
tas6 past subjunctive
tas7 subjunctive summary
tas8 ways to avoid the subjunctive
tav1 active vs. passive voice
v1 introduction to verbs
ver1 -er verbs (regular) present tense
ver2 -er verbs (stem changing) present tense
vim1 impersonal verbs & expressions: il faut, il est important ...
vinf1 infinitive constructions
vir1 -ir verbs (regular) present tense
vir2 -ir verbs (irregular) like ouvrir present tense
vir3 -ir verbs (irregular) partir, sortir, and dormir
virr1 être 'to be'
virr10 savoir vs. connaître present tense
virr11 dire, lire, écrire present tense
virr2 avoir 'to have'
virr3 avoir expressions
virr4 aller 'to go'
virr5 faire 'to do, to make'
virr6 faire expressions
virr7 causative faire
virr8 venir 'to come'
virr9 boire, croire, voir
vl1 partir, sortir, quitter, laisser
vm1 modal verbs vouloir, pouvoir, devoir
vpp1 present participle
vpr1 pronominal verbs
vre1 -re verbs (regular)
vre2 -re verbs (irregular) like prendre
vre3 -re verbs (irregular) like mettre
vre4 re verbs (irregular) like suivre, vivre
vti1 transitive vs. intransitive


mp3 icon  MP3 downloads  [zip archives]
all mp3s .zip archive of Tex's French Grammar mp3s: 106.8 MB
adj2 adjectives: formation and placement
adj3 adjectives that precede the noun
adj4 irregular adjectives
adj5 adjectives whose meaning varies with placement
adj6 comparisons with adjectives
adj7 superlative of adjectives
adj8 bon/meilleur vs. bien/mieux
adj9 participles as adjectives
adv2 adverbs: formation and placement
adv3 placement of adverbs with passé composé
adv4 comparative and superlative of adverbs
adv5 -il y a, ago
adv6 tôt, tard, en avance, en retard, à l'heure
characters cast of characters
con2 coordinating conjunctions
con3 subordinating conjunctions
det10 indefinite determiners
det2 determiners: definite articles
det3 definite articles with physical characteristics
det4 determiners: indefinite articles
det5 determiners: partitive articles
det6 possessive determiners
det7 demonstrative determiners
det8 determiners: expressions of quantity
det9 tout
int1 introduction to interrogatives
int2 yes/no questions: est-ce que, n'est-ce pas
int3 questions with subject/verb inversion
int4 interrogative and exclamative quel
int5 interrogative pronouns
int6 interrogative pronoun lequel
int7 interrogative words: où, quand, comment ...
neg2 basic negation: ne ... pas
neg3 alternate forms (1) ne ... jamais, rien, personne, etc.
neg4 alternate forms (2) ne ... aucun, ni ... ni, que
neg5 one-word negative sentences si, jamais, etc.
no2 number: singular, plural
no3 gender: masculine, feminine
no4 voilà vs. il y a
no5 temps, heure, fois
pre1a common prepositions
pre2 contractions of à and de with definite article
pre3 prepositions with places
pre4 prepositions with infinitives
pred1 depuis vs. il y a ... que, ça fait ... que, and voilà ... que
pred2 depuis with imperfect
prep1 depuis, pendant, pour: 'for'
pro10 indefinite pronouns
pro11 demonstrative pronouns
pro12 possessive pronouns
pro2 subject pronouns
pro3 c'est vs il/elle est
pro4 disjunctive pronouns
pro5 direct object pronouns
pro6 pronoun y
pro7 pronoun en
pro8 indirect object pronouns
pro9 order of object pronouns present tense
pror1 relative pronouns: qui and que
pror2 relative pronouns: ce qui, ce que
pror3 relative pronouns: dont, où, etc. present tense
tac1 conditional
tac2 past conditional
tac3 si clauses
tad1 reported speech in the present
tad2 reported speech in the past
taf1 futur proche
taf2 simple future: regular
taf3 simple future: irregular
taf4 future: usage
taf5 futur antérieur
tai1 imperative mood
tap1 recent past (venir de + infinitive)
tap10 passé simple
tap11 passé antérieur
tap2 passé composé with avoir
tap3 passé composé with etre
tap4 passé composé of pronominal verbs
tap5 imparfait: formation
tap6 imparfait: states of being, habitual actions
tap7 imparfait: idiomatic uses
tap8 narration: passé composé vs. imparfait
tap9 plus-que-parfait
tapr1 present tense
tas1 regular subjunctive
tas2 irregular subjunctive
tas3a subjunctive usage: obligation
tas3b subjunctive usage: doubt
tas4 subjunctive usage: will, emotion, desire
tas5 conjunctions that take the subjunctive
tas6 past subjunctive
tas7 subjunctive summary
tas8 ways to avoid the subjunctive
tav1 active vs. passive voice
ver1 -er verbs (regular) present tense
ver2 -er verbs (stem changing) present tense
vim1 impersonal verbs & expressions: il faut, il est important ...
vinf1 infinitive constructions
vir1 -ir verbs (regular) present tense
vir2 -ir verbs (irregular) like ouvrir present tense
vir3 -ir verbs (irregular) partir, sortir, and dormir
virr1 être 'to be'
virr10 savoir vs. connaître present tense
virr11 dire, lire, écrire present tense
virr2 avoir 'to have'
virr3 avoir expressions
virr4 aller 'to go'
virr5 faire 'to do, to make'
virr6 faire expressions
virr7 causative faire
virr8 venir 'to come'
virr9 boire, croire, voir
vl1 partir, sortir, quitter, laisser
vm1 modal verbs vouloir, pouvoir, devoir
vpp1 present participle
vpr1 pronominal verbs
vre1 -re verbs (regular)
vre2 -re verbs (irregular) like prendre
vre3 -re verbs (irregular) like mettre
vre4 re verbs (irregular) like suivre, vivre
vti1 transitive vs. intransitive


rss icon  iTunes podcasts
adj Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Adjectives'
adv Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Adverbs'
con Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Conjunctions'
det Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Determiners'
int Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Interrogative Constructions'
intr Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Introduction'
neg Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Negation'
no Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Nouns'
pre Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Prepositions'
pro Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Pronouns'
ta Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Voice'
v Subscribe to iTunes podcast for chapter 'Verbs'